Otto’s first campaign in Bohemia was, however, a failure, and it was not until 950 that the Bohemian prince Boleslav I was forced to submit and to pay tribute. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. He was twenty-three years old. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große , Italian: Ottone il Grande ), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. Frederick Barbarossa (German: Friedrich I., Italian: Federico I; 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I, was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. When Henry died of a cerebral stroke on July 2, 936, at his palace, the Kaiserpfalz in Memleben, all German tribes were united in a single realm. Otto I was the son of King Henry I (the Fowler) of Germany. Then he went for a second time to Italy on the appeal of Pope John XII, who was hard pressed by Berengar of Ivrea. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. After prolonged fighting, Liudolf had to submit in 955. The latter Eberhard's submission appeared to be only a facade, for in 939 he joined with Giselbert of Lotharingia and Otto's younger brother, Henry, in a revolt against Otto that was supported by Louis IV of France. Thankmar was killed, Eberhard of Bavaria was deposed, and Eberhard of Franconia submitted to the king. It may have been added in December, 963, when Otto deposed John for instigating an armed conspiracy with Berengar, as well as for what amounted to conduct unbecoming a pope. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (Otto der Große, Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor … Meanwhile, back in Germany, Otto's son by Edith, Liudolf, joined together with several German magnates to revolt against the king. Holy Roman Emperor Otto I. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/otto-i-profile-1789230. His negotiations with the Byzantines led to a marriage between young Otto and Theophano, a Byzantine princess, in April of 972. Henry had previously married Hatheburg, also a daughter of a Saxon count, in 906, but this marriage was annulled, probably in 909 after she had given birth to Henry's first son and Otto's half-brother Thankmar. [2] [2] Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. With a strong home base, Otto not only fended off France's claims to Lotharingia but ended up mediating in some French internal difficulties. The archbishopric of Magdeburg was founded in 968 with three suffragan bishoprics. Prolonged negotiations with Byzantium resulted in the marriage of Otto II to the Byzantine princess Theophano, in 972. While all this internal strife was going on, Otto still managed to strengthen his defenses and expand the boundaries of his kingdom. Predecessor: Berengar II Successor: Otto II. 'Roman-German emperor'), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. Desc: Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. Henry named Otto his successor, and a month after Henry's death, in August of 936, the German dukes elected Otto king. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy. (see also CarolingiansCarolingians , dynasty of Frankish rulers, founded in the 7th cent. Otto II was born in 955, the third son of the King of Germany Otto I and his second wife Adelaide of Italy. The oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda, Otto was "the first of the Germans to be called the emperor of Italy". Otto I (November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. His use of the church as a stabilizing influence created a secure empire and stimulated a cultural renaissance. In May 961 Otto procured the election and coronation of the six-year-old Otto II, his elder son by Adelaide, as German king. Melissa Snell is a historical researcher and writer specializing in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Ger By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Otto I, byname Otto the Great, German Otto der Grosse, (born Nov. 23, 912—died May 7, 973, Memleben, Thuringia), duke of Saxony (as Otto II, 936–961), German king (from 936), and Holy Roman emperor (962–973) who consolidated the German Reich by his suppression of rebellious vassals and his decisive victory over the Hungarians. Otto was crowned by the archbishops of Mainz and Cologne at Aachen, the city that had been Charlemagne's favorite residence. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy. Despite these internal difficulties, Otto found time to strengthen and to extend the frontiers of the kingdom. He is often regarded as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire, Thietmar records that he was crowned Emperor at Rome 2 Feb 962 by Pope John XII. On April 14, 972, he married the Byzantine princess Theophano. from InU] found : BM cat. Otto gained first experience as a military commander when the German kingdom fought against Slavic tribes on its eastern border. Media in category "Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor" The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. He was elected king Aug. 7, 936 and crowned emperor Feb. 2, 962. The treaty regulated relations between pope and emperor, although whether or not the rule allowing emperors to ratify papal elections was part of the original version remains a matter for debate. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Otto II (955 - December 7, 983) was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. The largest territory of the empire after 962 was Eastern Francia, though it also came to include the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories. (Otho I, called the Great, Emperor … Otto had four full siblings: Hedwig, Gerberga, Henry and Bruno. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wi King of Germany and first Holy Roman emperor . The oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda, Otto was "the first of the Germans to be called the emperor of Italy". Otto installed Leo VIII as the next pope, and when Leo died in 965, he replaced him with John XIII. Still, fighting continued until Liudolf at last submitted to his father in 955. otto i (912-973), holy roman emperor, published in 1876 - otto i holy roman emperor stock illustrations The surviving crypt of the monastery from the 13th century in Memleben, Germany, 16 June 2016. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. Professor of History, University of Regensburg, Germany. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. X) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 25-Apr-2007.jpg 2,048 × 1,360; 1.94 MB Otto I was the Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. Otto was born on 23 November 912, the oldest son of the Duke of Saxony, Henry the Fowler and his second wife Matilda, the daughter of the Saxon Dietrich, a count in Westphalia. from InU] found : BM cat. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda.. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, he was also King of Italy for three years. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. After inheriting the kingdom after his father’s death in 936, he began uniting the German tribes into a single kingdom. With his older brothers dead, the two-year old Otto II's became the Kingdom's crown prince and Otto I's heir apparent. Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. 912-973. Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, and regent of the Holy Roman Empire during the minority of her son from 983 until her death in 990. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy.. Otto II was made joint-ruler of Germany in 961, at an early age, and his father named him co-Emperor in 967 to secure his succession to the throne. He then returned to Italy to help Pope John XII stand against Berengar of Ivrea. The obverse shows the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire . Otto I (November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otto-I, History Today - Otto the Great is crowned Emperor of the Romans, Otto I - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Otto was born on November 23, 912 as the oldest son of Henry the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim. Otto II (955 – December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. Corrections? Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum, German: Kaiser der Römer) during the middle ages, and also known as the German-Roman Emperor since the early modern period (Latin: Imperator Germanorum, German: Römisch-deutscher Kaiser, lit. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. Moreover, when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy whom the margrave Berengar of Ivrea had taken prisoner, appealed to him for help, Otto marched into Italy in 951, assumed the title of king of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself, his first wife having died in 946. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wi Scholars know little of his childhood, but it is believed he engaged in some of Henry's campaigns by the time he reached his late teens. Yet Henry, who felt he should be king himself in spite of his father's wishes, conspired to murder Otto in 941. Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - English: Otto I. the Great (912–973) was king of Germany (936–973) and Holy Roman Emperor (962–973). This confirmed and extended the temporal power of the papacy, but it is a matter of controversy whether the proviso enabling the emperor to ratify papal elections was included in the original version of the treaty or added in December 963, when Otto deposed John XII for treating with Berengar and set up Leo VIII as pope. Omissions? He was elected king Aug. 7, 936 and crowned emperor Feb. 2, 962. Ott… Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Otto IV (1175 – 19 May 1218) was one of two rival kings of Germany from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until he was forced to abdicate in 1215. Otto was born on 23 November 912, the oldest son of the Duke of Saxony, Henry the Fowler and his second wife Matilda, the daughter of Dietrich of Ringelheim, a Saxon count in Westphalia. She authored the forward for "The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Crusades. He subdued Rome and even advanced into the Byzantine south of Italy. He was also the German king from 936. Henry submitted to the king, and Otto forgave him. Otto found himself compelled to withdraw to Saxony; but the position of the rebels began to deteriorate when the Magyars invaded Germany in 954, for the rebels could now be accused of complicity with the enemies of the Reich. He was the eldest son of Henry I the Fowler. By 957, Otto II's older brothers Henry (born 952) and Bruno (born 953) had died, as well as Otto I's son from his first wife Eadgyth, the Crown Prince Liudolf, Duke of Swabia. He marched into Italy, took up the title King of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself. Little is known of his early years, but he probably shared in some of his father’s campaigns. The obverse shows the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. Dabbling around the Holy Roman Empire again because I have a few minutes and no access to my own source material. Otto I or Otto the Great, 912–73, Holy Roman emperor (962–73) and German king (936–73), son and successor of Henry I of Germany. He died in 973 and was succeeded by his only son as Otto II. The young king was bent on asserting the kind of firm control over the dukes that his father had never managed, but this policy led to immediate conflict. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. "holy") in connection with the mediaeval Roman Empire did not appear until 1157 under Frederick I Barbarossa, Otto I is considered the first Holy Roman Emperor from the Kingdom of Germany, though Charlemagne of the Carolingian Dynasty was the first to receive papal coronation as Emperor of the Romans. Otto continued to see success in military matters, particularly against the Slavs. Holy Roman Emperor or "Römischer Kaiser " (auf deutsch) Reign 2. May 973 The only German king of the Welf dynasty, he incurred the wrath of Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated in 1210. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our. Otto was again victorious: Eberhard fell in battle, Giselbert was drowned in flight, and Henry submitted to his brother. Otto I (kwa kawaida anajulikana kama Otto Mkuu; kwa Kijerumani: Otto der Große, kwa Kiitalia: Ottone il Grande; 23 Novemba 912 - 7 Mei 973) alikuwa mfalme wa Ujerumani kutoka mwaka 936 na kaisari wa Dola Takatifu la Roma kutoka mwaka 962 hadi kufa kwake mwaka wa 973.. Alikuwa mwana wa kwanza wa Henry I Fowler na Matilda.. Otto alirithi Duchy ya Saxony na ufalme wa Wajerumani kutokana na … The Slavs were defeated in the east, and part of Denmark came under Otto's control; the German suzerainty over these areas was solidified by the founding of bishoprics. The rest of the German dukedoms also went to Otto's relatives. This time he stayed several years, dealing with the unrest in Rome and heading south into Byzantine-controlled portions of the peninsula. Similarly, he extended his influence into Burgundy. Otto was born in 955 in Saxony, Germany, as the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor and Adelaide of Italy. Otto had to break off his first Italian campaign because of a revolt in Germany, where Liudolf, his son by Edith, had risen against him with the aid of several magnates. Otto II (955 – December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. Otto (Ottonian) Holy Roman Empire is the name on the profile, Otto (Otto I) "the Great, Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches (Liudolfinger), Liudolfinger, of Sachsen Italy and Germany" Holy Roman Empire formerly Ottonian is what the WikiTree way of naming makes of it. From the time of Constantine I (r. 306–337), the Roman emperors had, with very few exceptions, taken on a role as promoters and defenders of Christianity. Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. This was discovered in time, and, whereas the other conspirators were punished, Henry was again forgiven. Frederick Barbarossa (German: Friedrich I., Italian: Federico I; 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I, was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. Otto, therefore, marched for a third time to Italy, where he stayed from 966 to 972. You are inclined to be passionate, you assert your willpower, you move forward, and come hell or high water, you achieve your dreams and your goals. Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 62 Issue 2 February 2012 Nostalgia for the vanished Roman Empire in the West lasted for centuries after Romulus Augustulus, the final emperor, was deposed in 476. The other German dukedoms were likewise bestowed on relatives of Otto. Otto the Great, 912–73, Holy Roman emperor (962–73) and German king (936–73), son and successor of Henry I of Germany. In 939, however, Otto’s younger brother Henry revolted; he was joined by Eberhard of Franconia and by Giselbert of Lotharingia and supported by the French king Louis IV. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Otto III, (born July 980—died Jan. 23, 1002, near Viterbo, Italy), German king and Holy Roman emperor who planned to recreate the glory and power of the ancient Roman Empire in a universal Christian state governed from Rome, in which the pope would be subordinate to the emperor in religious as well as in secular affairs. Edith bore him a son and a daughter. This mod requires Brave New World. "Holy Roman Emperor Otto I." A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy. Otto I (23 November 912 7 May 973), also known as Otto the Great, was emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, reigning as German king from 936 until his death in 973. Snell, Melissa. Otto was born on 23 November 912, the oldest son of the Duke of Saxony, Henry the Fowler and his second wife Matilda, the daughter of the Saxon Dietrich, a count in Westphalia. ..... Cl… Henry had previously married Hatheburg, also a daughter of a Saxon count, in 906, but this marriage was annulled, probably in 909 after she had given birth to Henry's first son and Otto's half-brother Thankmar. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. tho I Known as "Otto the Great." This led immediately to war, especially with Eberhard of Franconia and his namesake, Eberhard of Bavaria, who were joined by discontented Saxon nobles under the leadership of Otto’s half-brother Thankmar. "Holy Roman Emperor Otto I." Duke of Saxony, (auf deutsch "Herzog von Sachsen") Reign 2. Having thus strengthened his own position, Otto could not only resist France’s claims to Lorraine (Lotharingia) but also act as mediator in France’s internal troubles. The Holy Roman emperor Otto I (912-973), called Otto the Great, was the most powerful western European ruler after Charlemagne. February 962 – 7 May 973 Coronation 2. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große , Italian: Ottone il Grande ), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. [lower-alpha 2] He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. Henry had previously married Hatheburg, also a daughter of a Saxon count, in 906, but this marriage was annulled, probably in 909 after she had given birth to Henry's first son and Otto's half-brother Thankmar. Now Otto was able to deal the Magyars a crushing blow at the Battle of the Lechfeld, and they never invaded Germany again. Emperors considered themselves responsible to the gods for the spiritual health of their subjects, and after Constantine they had a duty to help the Church define orthodoxy and maintain orthodoxy. The formation of the Holy Roman Empire was initiated by Charlemagne’s coronation as “Emperor of the Romans” in 800, and consolidated by Otto I when he was crowned emperor in 962 by Pope John XII. He died in May of 973 and was buried next to Edith in Magdeburg. Nevertheless, in 941 Henry joined a conspiracy to murder the King. by Pepin of Landen, who, as mayor of the palace, ruled the East Frankish Kingdom of Austrasia for Dagobert I. On February 2, 962, John crowned Otto emperor, and 11 days later the treaty known as Privilegium Ottonianum was concluded. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. Otto's policy of mercy worked; from then on, Henry was loyal to his brother, and in 947 he received the dukedom of Bavaria. By 947 he had solved them by absorbing the duchy of Franconia into his direct rule and by handing over the others, Lorraine, Swabia, and Bavaria, to member… When Leo VIII died in 965, the Emperor chose John XIII for pope, but John was expelled by the Romans. His reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire. [lower-alpha 1] Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. The emperor's role was to enforce doctrine, root out heresy, and uph… Otto, a cultivated man, continued his father’s policies of promoting a strong monarchy in Germany and of extending the influence of his house in Italy. The oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda, Otto was "the first … A member of the Ottonian dynasty, he was also King of Italy for three years. Thankmar was defeated and killed, the Franconian Eberhard submitted to the King, and Eberhard of Bavaria was deposed and outlawed.
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