82-90 Wall Street . ", Empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture. Location: Romance Languages Lounge See map. / Ibn Ṭufayl’s Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān. Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy . Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān was named after an earlier Arabic philosophical romance of the same name, written by Avicenna during his imprisonment in the early 11th century,[2] even though both tales had different stories. [7] Beyond foreshadowing Molyneux's Problem,[8] the novel specifically inspired John Locke’s concept of tabula rasa as propounded in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690),[9] subsequently inspiring the philosophies of later modern empiricists, such as David Hume and George Berkeley. He reaches a higher level of knowledge, of the finest of astrologists. [31] Other early modern European scholars and writers who were also influenced by Philosophus Autodidactus include Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens,[32] George Keith, Robert Barclay, the Quakers,[33] Samuel Hartlib,[24] Karl Marx,[14] and Voltaire. Ḥayy has just learned to walk and imitates the sounds of antelopes, birds, and other animals in his surroundings. Oxford University Press, 2016. pp. Avner Ben-Zaken, Reading Hayy Ibn-Yaqzan: A Cross-Cultural History of Autodidacticism (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011). Commonly translated as "The Self-Taught Philosopher" or "The Improvement of Human Reason," Ibn-Tufayl's story Hayy Ibn-Yaqzān inspired debates about autodidacticism in a range of historical fields from classical Islamic philosophy through Renaissance humanism and the European Enlightenment. [31], The English translation of Hayy ibn Yaqdhan was known to the Royal Society and the New England Company in North America by 1721, when Cotton Mather's The Christian Philosopher cited Hayy ibn Yaqdhan as an influence. The story revolves around Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān, a little boy who grew up on an island in the Indies under the equator, isolated from the people, in the bosom of an antelope that raised him, feeding him with her milk. Ḥayy b. Yaqẓān (Alive, son of Awake) is the name given to a number of philosophical treatises with substantial literary aspirations. Baruch Spinoza also read the work and soon encouraged a Dutch translation, which was published by his friend Johannes Bouwmeester in 1672. [10] Ibn Tufail cited al-Farabi, Avicenna's Avicennism and al-Ghazali's Ash'ari theology as the main influences behind his work,[11] as well as his teacher Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), Ibn Tumart,[12] and Sufism.[8]. Risālat Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (arabe) رسالة حيّ إبن يقظان (arabe) Account of Ḥayy b. Yaḳẓān (anglais) Récit de Hayy ibn Yaqzân (français) Détails du contenu (1 ressources dans data.bnf.fr) Voir aussi (1) Le récit de l'oiseau. Ibn Tufayl’s Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān anticipated and may have inspired Daniel Defoe’s famous novel about an island castaway. Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān. Stanford Libraries' official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. [4], The plot of Ibn Tufail's more famous Arabic novel was inspired by Avicennism, Kalam, and Sufism,[8] and was also intended as a thought experiment. It will be argued that Ibn Tufayl’s explanation is based on his creation of a coherent synthesis out of Avicenna’s psychological theories from three distinct areas. The thoughts expressed in the novel can be found "in different variations and to different degrees in the books of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Isaac Newton, and Immanuel Kant. He learns their languages, and he learns to follow the actions of animals by imitating their instinct. Without contact with other human beings, Hayy discovers ultimate truth through a systematic process of reasoned inquiry. Dr. Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher". [21] The novel inspired the concept of tabula rasa developed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) by John Locke, who was a student of Pococke,[22][23] and who referred to his translation as a "novelty". He concludes that, at the basis of the creation of the universe, a great creator must exist. [11] The work also had a "profound influence" on both Islamic philosophy and modern Western philosophy. The theory of tabula rasa later gave rise to the nature versus nurture debate in modern psychology. Reaching the absolute information is individual and simply any human being is able to achieve that. (Wikimedia Commons) Ibn Ṭufayl was born in the city of Wādī Ash (modern-day Cadiz) in the southern Spanish province of Granada, which at that time (the first decade of the 12th Century) was subject to Islamic rule. [34], The the Quakers movement was also influenced by the novel. The story of Hayy Ibn Yaqzan is also similar to the later story of Mowgli in Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book. 'Alive, son of Awake') is an Arabic philosophical novel and an allegorical tale written by Ibn Tufail in the early 12th century In Al-Andalus. [14], Ibn Tufail also foreshadowed Molyneux's Problem, an unsolved problem in philosophy proposed by William Molyneux to Locke, who included it in the second book of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. It tells of a child who is nurtured by a gazelle and grows up in total isolation from humans. It reflects one of the main concerns of Muslim philosophers (later also of Christian thinkers), that of reconciling philosophy with revelation. Get this from a library! A Cross-Cultural History of Autodidacticism, by Avner Ben-Zaken. Ibn Thofeil nous dise dans sa préface 4) qu'il a emprunté les noms seuls de son roman à Avicenne, on a confondu les deux traités ou bien on les a mis en rap port plus ou moins intime l'un avec l'autre; ainsi p. e. dans l'édition du roman Ibn Ṭufayl, Moorish philosopher and physician who is known for his Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (c. 1175; Eng. Request PDF | On Jan 1, 2007, Jules Janssens published ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān. Ibn Tufail's book was neither a commentary on nor a mere retelling of Ibn Sina's work, however, but a new and innovative work in its own right. [5][27][28][29] In turn, Robinson Crusoe had an "enormous impact" on the thought of the Enlightenment. Determination by the legendary sage Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān, this analysis draws parallels from numerous works of Avicenna—notably his other allegorical work, Alive, Son of Awake (R. Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān)—so as to bring into focus lesser-known facets of his philosophical worldview… (link below) trans. by L.E. [5][13] Another Dutch translation, De natuurlijke wijsgeer, was published by Adriaan Reland in 1701. trans. [10] The first English translation by orientalist Simon Ockley inspired the desert island narrative of Daniel Defoe’s classic Robinson Crusoe (itself considered the first English novel. His continuous explorations and observation of creatures and the environment lead him to gain great knowledge in natural science, philosophy, and religion. Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān was named after an earlier Arabic philosophical romance of the same name, written by Avicennaduring his imprisonm… Goodman, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓan by Ibn Ṭufayl, 1972), a philosophical romance in which he describes the self-education and gradual philosophical development of a man who passes the first 50 Omits the introductory section; omits the conclusion beginning with the protagonist's acquaintance with Asal; and includes §§1-98 of 121 as numbered in the Ockley version. Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Quiggle, Doyle R. (Summer 2008), "Ibn Tufayl's, "Samar Attar. Reading Ḥayy Ibn-Yaqẓān. Dominique Urvoy, "The Rationality of Everyday Life: The Andalusian Tradition? The name by which the book is also known include the Latin: Philosophus Autodidactus ('The Self-Taught Philosopher'); and English: The Improvement of Human Reason: Exhibited in the Life of Hai Ebn Yokdhan. [4], Ibn Tufail's Hayy ibn Yaqdhan had a significant influence on Arabic literature, Persian literature, and European literature after it was translated in 1671 into Latin and then into several other European languages. He asked himself the questions "how does thought manifest itself" and "what is structure? [20] Ibn al-Nafis' novel was also later translated into English in the early 20th century as Theologus Autodidactus. [1] The name by which the book is also known include the Latin: Philosophus Autodidactus ('The Self-Taught Philosopher'); and English: The Improvement of Human Reason: Exhibited in the Life of Hai Ebn Yokdhan. The history of Hayy ibn Yaqzan by Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Malik Ibn Ṭufayl, 1929, Frederick A. Stokes edition, in English )[11][12][13][14] consequentially inspiring every Robinsonade desert island story written since. There were also two German translations of the novel, the first based on the Latin translation and the second based on the Arabic original. Some Considera- tions concerning the Meaning of Ibn Ṭufayl’s Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān”. There is a surprise at the end of the video! 233–254 [25] The first English translation of the Arabic original, entitled The Improvement of Human Reason: Exhibited in the Life of Hai Ebn Yokdhan, was published shortly after by Simon Ockley in 1708,[26] followed by two more English translations. ", Arabic philosophical novel and allegorical tale written by Ibn Tufail. "[5][13], In 1719, one of the English translations of Hayy ibn Yaqdhan inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, which was also set on a deserted island and was regarded as the first novel in English. [Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Malik Ibn Ṭufayl] In chronological order, with translators names: "If you want a comparison that will make you clearly grasp the difference between the perception, such as it is understood by that sect [the Sufis] and the perception as others understand it, imagine a person born blind, endowed however with a happy natural temperament, with a lively and firm intelligence, a sure memory, a straight sprite, who grew up from the time he was an infant in a city where he never stopped learning, by means of the senses he did dispose of, to know the inhabitants individually, the numerous species of beings, living as well as non-living, there, the streets and sidestreets, the houses, the steps, in such a manner as to be able to cross the city without a guide, and to recognize immediately those he met; the colors alone would not be known to him except by the names they bore, and by certain definitions that designated them. 7 Items in the Collection Risālat Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān. The Vital Roots of European Enlightenment: Ibn Tufayl's Influence on Modern Western Thought", http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2501/is_2_30/ai_n28580120/, https://islam.wikia.org/wiki/Hayy_ibn_Yaqzan?oldid=10308, Ibn Tufajl : Hajj Ibn Jakzan. This novel is thus the most important work of Ibn Tufail's, containing the main ideas that form his system. [18], A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, was first published in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, who had completed the translation prior to 1660. Der Philosoph als Autodidakt (arabisch حي بن يقظان, DMG Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān ‚der Lebendige, Sohn des Wachenden‘, lat. Ibn Ṭufayl, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Malik, -1185. In 2001, an Arabic animated cartoon, Hay - The Gazelle Child, was produced as an adaptation of Ibn Tufail's Hayy ibn Yaqdhan. Dominique Urvoy, "The Rationality of Everyday Life: The Andalusian Tradition? Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (Arabic: حي بن يقظان "Alive, son of Awake"; Latin: Philosophus Autodidactus "The Self-Taught Philosopher"; Template:Lang-en) was the first Arabic novel and the first philosophical novel,[1][2] written by Ibn Tufail (also known as Aben Tofail or Ebn Tophail), a Moorish philosopher and physician, in early 12th century Islamic Spain. [6][4] The novel particularly influenced the philosophies and scientific thought of vanguards of modern Western philosophy and the Scientific Revolution such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Isaac Newton, and Immanuel Kant. Hayy ibn Yaqdhan ou Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (arabe حي بن يقظان ; traduit en latin par Philosophus autodidactus, et en français par Le Vivant, fils de l'Éveillé ; L'Éveillé ou Le Philosophe autodidacte) est un roman philosophique écrit par Ibn Tufayl à la fin du XII e siècle. Ibn Ṭufayl's Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān : a philosophical tale / translated with an introduction and notes by Lenn Evan Goodman. In seven phases of seven years each, solely by the exercise of his faculties, Hayy goes through all the gradations of knowledge. Ockley's translation was also published again in 1804 by Paul Bronnie in London. Reading Ḥayy Ibn-Yaqẓān is a mesmerizing study that will enchant anyone interested in interdisciplinary, cross-cultural explorations that transform the way we look at the past and the present.. Reading Ḥayy Ibn-Yaqẓān: A Cross-Cultural History of Autodidacticism by Avner Ben-Zaken. Mather also viewed Hayy as a noble savage and applied this in the context of attempting to understand the Native American 'Indians' in order to convert them to Puritan Christianity. In the 13th century, Ibn Tufail's Hayy ibn Yaqdhan inspired Ibn al-Nafis to write the first theological novel, Al-Risalah al-Kamiliyyah fil Siera al-Nabawiyyah (The Treatise of Kamil on the Prophet's Biography), known in the West as Theologus Autodidactus,[19] written as a critical response to Ibn Tufail's Hayy ibn Yaqdhan and in defense of some of al-Ghazali's views. He determines that certain trappings of religion and civilization, namely imagery and dependence on material goods, are necessary for the multitude in order that they might have decent lives. Despite condemning the 'Mahometans' as infidels, Mather viewed the protagonist of the novel, Hayy, as a model for his ideal 'Christian philosopher' and 'monotheistic scientist'. The Latin translation of his work, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, published by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671, inspired John Locke's formulation of tabula rasa in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding,[13] [4] which went on to become one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern Western philosophy, and influenced many Enlightenment philosophers, such as David Hume and George Berkeley. "[2], Ibn Tufail's Hayy ibn Yaqdhan was written as both a continuation of Avicenna's version of the story and as a response to al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, which had criticized many of Avicenna's views. Ibn Tufail wrote the following in Hayy ibn Yaqzan:[16][17], Hayy ibn Yaqdhan had a significant influence on Arabic literature, Persian literature, and European literature,[5] and went on to become an influential best-seller throughout Western Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Join Facebook to connect with Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān and others you may know. Goodman, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓan by Ibn Ṭufayl, 1972), a philosophical romance in which he describes the self-education and gradual philosophical development of a man who passes the first 50 years of his life in complete isolation… In the late 12th century, Avicenna's original Persian version of Hayy ibn Yaqzan inspired Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi to write Story of Western Loneliness, in which he began the story from where Avicenna ended Hayy ibn Yaqzan. Beyond leaving an enormous impact on Arabic literature and classical Islamic philosophy, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan influenced later European literature during the Age of Enlightenment, turning into a best-seller during the 17th-18th centuries. Author Ibn Ṭufayl, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Malik, -1185 [Browse] "[15], Hayy determines that certain trappings of civilization, namely imagery and dependence on material goods, are necessary for the multitude in order that they might have decent lives. Once 30 years old, he meets his first human, who has landed on his isolated Island. Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān. The novel’s notion of materialism also has similarities to Karl Marx's historical materialism. The first English translation of the novel was published by George Ashwell in 1686, based on Pococke's Latin translation. However, he believes that imagery and material goods are distractions from the truth and ought to be abandoned by those whose reason recognizes that they are distractions. I’m currently writing a book on the politics, ethics, and global reception history of Ibn Ṭufayl’s Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān, so I’m grateful for the opportunity to be in conversation with you.What I will offer are a few ideas—theses, provocations, open questions—that represent how I currently envision this project and my own approach to Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān. Suppose that he had arrived at this point and suddenly, his eyes were opened, he recovered his view, and he crosses the entire city, making a tour of it. Hayy's ideas on materialism in the novel also have some similarities to Karl Marx's historical materialism. An accurate French translation was also published that same year by Prof. L. Gauthier at Algiers. [6], "If you want a comparison that will make you clearly grasp the difference between the, "Ibn Tufayl’s work provides a graphic exposition as well as an explanation of the emergence and development of the mind of a child (initially cast up on a desert island as a baby and fostered by a gazelle), solely by sensory experience, association, and reasoning, without innate ideas. Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Improvement of Human Reason: Exhibited in the Life of Hai Ebn Yokdhan, Hayy Ibn Yaqdhan. [10] Theologus Autodidactus was also based on a feral child living on a desert island but the plot later expanded beyond this setting and evolved into the first example of a science fiction novel. Bayrūt : al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kāthūlīkīyah, 1963 (OCoLC)551264557 Online version: Ibn Ṭufayl, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Malik, -1185. A Cross-Cultural History of Autodidacticism, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011. At the same time, the narrative anticipates in some ways both Robinson Crusoe and Emile: or, On Education. Hayy ibn Yaqdhan is an allegorical novel in which Ibn Tufail expresses philosophical and mystical teachings in a symbolic language in order to provide better understanding of such concepts.
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